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Departments of ¹Microbiology, ²Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Committee, and ³Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, and ⁴Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, JapanBCncell Horizontal transmission of Candida species in the hospital environment and the fungemia rates have increased in the past decade. We describe a nosocomial cluster of fungemia caused by Candida pelliculosa (teleomorph Pichia anomala) in four infants hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit. Candida isolates had strictly related fingerprints, as generated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using five different primer sets. The four babies were all treated successfully and recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to the antifungals tested including amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, miconazole, micafungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole. Infection control procedures were adapted in the unit and no relapse was detected. In addition, 30 publications presenting 450 pediatric and 28 adult cases are reviewed. Keywords : Candida pelliculosa, Pichia anomala, fungemia, nosocomial, pediatric intensive care unit.