Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from 7-18 year old children, presenting with prolonged cough of two to four weeks’ duration. Specimens were examined for B. pertussis by PCR.

Of 101 children with prolonged cough, 20 (19.8%) had a positive PCR testing for B. pertussis. Children who were vaccinated ≥5 years previously had a 6.13-fold higher risk of PCR-confirmed pertussis than those who were vaccinated <5 years before. The classic symptoms of pertussis (paroxysmal cough, whooping and post-tussive vomiting) were seen in 30%, 15% and 25% of the patients with positive PCR, respectively; 55% of them had only a prolonged cough without any classic symptoms. Pertussis is common among Turkish children with prolonged cough, even after implementation of a fifth dose of pertussis vaccination and despite high vaccination coverage. Keywords : pertussis, prolonged cough, adolescents, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Turkey